June 15
By AUGUSTIN
EV is constantly evolving
Today, electric vehicles (EVs) continue to evolve, with advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and autonomous driving systems. The push for electric mobility is driven by the goal of achieving sustainable transportation and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
The term “EV revolution” captures the profound changes that electric vehicles (EVs) are bringing to the automotive industry and society at large. It signifies a fundamental shift away from traditional internal combustion engine vehicles towards electric propulsion.
Sustainable transportation aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations. It refers to low- and zero-emission, energy-efficient, affordable modes of transport, including electric and alternative-fuel vehicles, as well as domestic fuels. Reducing dependence on fossil fuels is essential for climate change and sustainable development.
We need to find better ways to use energy system that doesn’t hurt the environment. To do this, we need new technology advancements, supportive policies, public awareness, and collaboration among governments, industries, and individuals.
EVs generate considerably lower emissions over their lifetime than vehicles running on fossil fuels, irrespective of the source that generates the electricity. ICE vehicles ignite and combust fuel within an internal combustion engine (ICE). EVs are powered by electricity from a rechargeable battery instead.
To fully leverage their environmental advantages, it is essential to adopt a comprehensive approach that encompasses clean energy production, sustainable materials, streamlined manufacturing processes, and the establishment of supportive infrastructure.
Lithium-ion batteries power EVs
William Morrison, from Des Moines, Iowa, creates the first successful electric vehicle in the U.S. His car is little more than an electrified wagon, but it sparks an interest in electric vehicles. 1896 advertisement shows how many early electric vehicles were not much different than carriages.
The basic process for converting a car to electric power involves removing the combustion engine, along with the gearbox, exhaust, and various other components. These are then replaced with batteries and one or more electric motors.
Lithium plays a vital role in the composition of EV batteries. Lithium-ion batteries, which are utilized in the majority of EVs, rely on five essential minerals: lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, and graphite. However, the extraction and processing of these minerals can have significant environmental and social consequences.
The manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries generates toxic waste alongside other forms of waste. Although there are attempts to reduce and handle waste responsibly, it is possible for toxic waste to be produced during the battery manufacturing process.
Proper disposal of used batteries is vital to reduce environmental and health risks from hazardous waste in EVs. Strategies to maximize EV’s environmental benefits can be implemented.
Rapid growth of EV market
The global EV market has experienced impressive growth, reflecting a substantial transition to sustainable transportation. Industry reports and projections indicate that this growth trend will persist in the future.
Proper disposal of used batteries is vital to reduce environmental and health risks from hazardous waste in EVs. Strategies to maximize EV’s environmental benefits can be implemented.
Global electric vehicle sales surged despite the COVID-19 pandemic, exceeding three million units in 2020, as reported by the International Energy Agency (IEA). IEA’s Global Electric Vehicle Outlook reports over 10 million electric car sales in 2022, with an estimated 35 per cent growth to 14 million in 2023 worldwide.
Global governments have implemented policies like financial incentives, subsidies, tax exemptions, and stricter emissions regulations to promote electric vehicle adoption, driving sales and innovation.
Battery technology advancements, such as increased energy density, cost reduction, and improved performance, have propelled EV market growth by enhancing driving range, reducing charging times, and increasing competitiveness with traditional vehicles.
The expansion of the EV market includes various vehicle segments like buses, trucks, and two-wheelers, driven by emission reduction, air quality improvement, and cost reduction goals.
To drive electric vehicle (EV) adoption, investments in charging infrastructure expansion are being made by governments and private companies. This addresses range anxiety and enhance convenience in urban areas and on highways. Major automakers are committing to EVs, phasing out internal combustion engines and investing in development. Global collaborations and initiatives like EVI and EV30@30 are accelerating EV adoption and promoting charging infrastructure development.
Global EV manufacturing
Market growth and adoption of electric vehicles vary by region and country due to factors like regulations, infrastructure, consumer preferences, and economic conditions.
China holds the title of the largest global electric vehicle (EV) market, leading in sales and adoption. This achievement is attributed to the Chinese government’s implementation of ambitious policies and incentives to drive EV adoption.
China has made notable progress in producing and promoting affordable electric vehicles (EVs). Discounts of up to 60,000 yuan were previously offered to EV buyers but ended in 2022. New-energy vehicles have been exempt from the 10 per cent purchase levy since 2014, extended until the end of 2023. Chinese automakers like BYD, Great Wall Motors, Chery Automobile, Geely, and NIO offer various affordable and premium EV models.
Furthermore, Tata Motors, a prominent Indian automaker, offers electric vehicles like the Nexon EV and Tigor EV. Mahindra Electric, a subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra, also produces EVs in India.
Hero Electric specializes in electric two-wheelers, while Bajaj Auto has entered the EV market with the Chetak Electric scooter.
Ather Energy is an Indian startup known for advanced electric scooters like the Ather 450X.
Japan has been a significant player in the manufacturing and development of electric vehicles (EVs). Japanese automakers have made notable contributions to the EV industry and have been actively involved in the production of electric vehicles.
Japan aims to make more than two million EVs a year by 2030. In Japan, where EV demand is picking up gradually, an EV based on the tiny N-ONE model goes on sale in 2025. Two more EV models are planned for the following year.
Asian nations, including South Korea, China, Japan, and others, have actively participated in electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing. Companies like Hyundai, Kia, BYD, and NIO have made significant contributions to the EV industry. These nations have invested in EV production, battery technology, and infrastructure, shaping the global EV market.
Whereas, the United States is an active participant in electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing. Tesla, along with traditional automakers like GM and Ford, plays a significant role. Startups such as Rivian and Lucid Motors also contribute to innovation. Battery manufacturing and government support, including incentives and infrastructure development, further bolster the US EV industry.
in addition, Norway offers lucrative EV incentives, including tax exemptions. The country will end the sales of internal combustion engine cars in 2025. Norway’s experience suggests that electric vehicles bring benefits without the dire consequences predicted by some critics.
Popular and affordable EV models include the Nissan Leaf, Renault Zoe, Hyundai Ioniq Electric, Chevrolet Bolt EV, and Tesla Model 3 (Standard Range).
These are just a few examples, and the global EV market is continually evolving with new models being introduced regularly. While the EV market has been growing globally, its penetration in individual countries can vary significantly.
EV adoption in Myanmar
EV adoption in Myanmar is influenced by infrastructure, government policies, market demand, and economic conditions.
To promote the development of EVs and related industries in Myanmar, companies interested in importing EVs engaged with the Steering Committee on National-level Development of Electric Vehicles and Related Industries.
Upon receiving approval from the committee, the importation of EVs took place.
The construction of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Myanmar has already commenced. Pilot projects for EV charging stations are underway in Yangon and Nay Pyi Taw. Local news sources report that models of EV charging stations have been sent to the Ministry of Electrical Power in Nay Pyi Taw.
The committee has approved the importation and utilization of electric vehicles in Myanmar as a pilot project, commencing from 1 January to 31 December of this year. This initiative aims to promote the widespread use of electric vehicles locally.
Challenges to the EV Revolution
The lack of charging infrastructure and high capital expenditure costs are hindering the EV revolution, but stakeholders are taking action to overcome these challenges.
Expanding charging networks, improving battery technology, and educating consumers is crucial.
Addressing upfront costs and ensuring a sustainable supply chain is important for wider adoption.
Grid management and consumer awareness also need attention.
Collaboration between governments, industry, and consumers is key for a successful transition to electric mobility. Continued investment and support are vital for a sustainable EV revolution.
Everyone faces challenges in life. It’s a matter of how you learn to overcome them and use them to your advantage.
