BABIES born to mothers who suf­fered COVID-19 disease during pregnancy seem to exhibit dif­ferences in neurodevelopmental outcomes in 6 weeks, according to a preliminary analysis.

 

The analysis was pre­sented at the 30th Europe­an Congress of Psychiatry. Project Leader Dr Rosa Ayesa Arriola said: “Not all babies born to mothers infected with COVID show neurodevelopmental differ­ences, but our data shows that their risk is increased in com­parison to those not exposed to COVID in the womb. We need a bigger study to confirm the exact extent of the difference”.

 

Non-infected mothers

 

Researchers found that ba­bies born to mothers who had been infected show greater difficulties in relaxing and adapting their bodies when they are being held when compared to infants from non-infected mothers, especially when the infection took place in late pregnancy. Moreover, infants born from infected mothers tend to show greater difficulty in con­trolling head and shoulder move­ment. These alterations suggest a possible COVID-19 effect on mo­tor function (movement control). The results come from an initial evaluation of the Spanish COGES­TCOV-19 project, which followed the course of pregnancy and baby development in mothers infected with COVID-19. The researchers are presenting the data on preg­nancy and post-natal assessment at 6 weeks after birth, but the pro­ject will continue to see if there are longer-term effects. The group will monitor infant language and motor development between 18 and 42 months old.

 

Initial evaluation

 

The initial evaluation com­pared babies born to 21 COV­ID-positive pregnant women and their babies, with 21 healthy con­trols attending the Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital in Santander, Spain. The mothers underwent a series of tests dur­ing and after pregnancy. These included hormonal and other bi­ochemical tests (measuring such things as cortisol levels, immu­nological response, etc.) salivary tests, movement responses, and psychological questionnaires. All analyses were adjusted for in­fant age, sex, and other factors. The post-natal tests included the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), which measures the baby’s movement and behaviour. Researcher Ms Agueda Castro Quintas (University of Barcelona, Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health), said: “We found that certain elements of the NBAS measurement were changed in 6-week-old infants who had been exposed to the SARS-COV-2 virus. Effectively they react slightly differently to being held, or cuddled”.

 

Preliminary results

 

He added, “We have been es­pecially sensitive in how we have conducted these tests. Each moth­er and baby were closely examined by clinicians with expert training in the field and in the tests. We need to note that these are the prelim­inary results, but this is part of a project following a larger sample of 100 mothers and their babies. They have also been monitored during pregnancy and after birth. We also plan to compare these mothers and babies with data from another similar project (the epi-project) which looks at the effect of stress and genetics on a child’s neurodevelopment”. Agueda Castro Quintas contin­ued: “This is an ongoing project, and we are at an early stage. We found that babies whose moth­ers had been exposed to COVID did show neurological effects at 6 weeks, but we don’t know if these effects will result in any longer-term issues, longer-term observa­tion may help us understand this. Co-researcher Nerea San Martin Gonzalez, added: “Of course, in babies who are so young there are several things we just can’t measure, such as language skills or cognition. We also need to be aware that this is a comparatively small sample, so we are repeating the work, and we will follow this up over a longer period. We need a bigger sample to determine the role of infection on offspring’s neu­rodevelopmental alterations and the contribution of other environ­mental factors In the meantime, we need to stress the importance of medical monitoring to facilitate a healthy pregnancy, discuss any concerns with your doctor wher­ever necessary”.

 

International collaborations

 

Commenting, Project Lead­er Dr Rosa Ayesa Arriola said: “This is the right moment to establish international collabo­rations that would permit us to assess long-term neurodevelop­ment in children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in this field is vital in understand­ing and preventing possible neu­rological problems and mental health vulnerabilities in those children in the coming years”. In an independent comment, Dr Livio Provenzi (University of Pavia, Italy) said: “There is a great need to study both direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of parents and infants. Pregnancy is a period of life which shapes much of our subsequent development, and exposure to adversity during pregnancy can leave long-lasting biological footprints. These find­ings from Dr Rosa Ayesa Arriola’s group reinforce evidence of epige­netic alterations in infants born from mothers exposed to pandem­ic-related stress during pregnancy. It shows we need more large scale, international research to allow us to understand the developmental effects of this health emergency and to deliver better quality of care to parents and infants”.

SOURCE: ANI